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液体流量计正确选型

返回列表 来源:本站 发布日期: 2019-05-19 05:09:12
流量监测中几种常用的液体流量计

1.1 电磁流量计

电磁流量计是根据法拉第电磁感应定律制成的一种测量导电液体体积流量的仪表。由于其独特的优点,目前被广泛地应用于酸、碱、盐等腐蚀性介质,易燃易爆介质,污水处理以及化工、医药、食品等工业中的浆液流量的测量,并形成了独特的应用领域。

 

11未标题-1

                                 【一体式电磁流量计】                                              【分体式电磁流量计】

 


1.2 超声波流量计

超声波流量计是通过检测流体流动对超声束(或超声脉冲)的作用以测量流量的仪表。超声波流量计的测量方法很多,有时间差法、频率差法、相位差法、多普勒法。时间差法、多普勒法是应用最多的测量原理。

超声波流量计和电磁流量计一样,因仪表流通通道未设置任何阻碍件,均属无阻碍流量计,适用于解决流量测量困难的问题,特别在大口径流量测量方面有较突出的优点,近年来它是发展迅速的流量计类型之一。

超声波流量计的特点是可做非接触式测量,为无流动阻挠测量,无压力损失,可测量非导电性液体,对无阻挠测量的电磁流量计是一种补充。时差法超声波流量计是目前应用最广泛的。随着CPU、信号处理技术的发展,测量的准确度和可靠性有了很大的提高。尤其是时间测量技术的发展,时差分辨力提高了,解决了小口径、低流速测量难的问题。应用领域也从净水扩展到循环水、污水、重油、原油、成品油以及空气、天然气等多种介质。但有较多气泡或悬浮物的液体会阻碍声脉冲的正常传播,导致不能正常测量,所以超声波流量计更适于测量纯净液体。

超声波流量计一般要求流体内有足够大的散射体存在,而且还得是连续的。通常情况下,散射体的速度与流体的速度有明显的滑差,要求流体流动的速度必须比粒子产生沉淀的临界速度大很多,另外测得的速度只是散射体相遇点的速度值,因此,测量的速度值对流速分布和流态有很大的依赖性,也就是说直管段的长度要求很长,需在20倍管径以上。所以,多普勒法超声波流量计的应用有一定的局限性,较多应用于生活污水、工业废水、啤酒饮料等介质的测量,不适用于非常清洁的流体测量。

 

超声波流量计管道式超声波流量计

 


                   【外夹式、插入式超声波流量计】                                    【管道式超声波流量计】   

 

2 流量计的选型设计

在进行流量计的选型设计之前,我们应该首先明确被测对象,然后再综合考虑仪表性能、安装条件、环境条件和经济因素这几方面因素。

2.1 明确被测对象

被测对象就是工业废水,工业废水含有大量的杂质,有一定的导电性和腐蚀性。那么哪一种更适合这类水质的测量呢?

电磁流量计适合测量导电液体(电导率≥5μS/cm)的流量,应根据被测介质物性、管道材质,合理选择电极形式、电极材质、衬里材质、接地方式、防护等级。

超声波流量计对被测介质要求十分苛刻,像多普勒法超声波流量计只能正常测量杂质含量相对稳定的流体,而时间差法流量计主要用来测量洁净的流体。


2.2 流量计性能方面

在选用某种流量计时,首先应综合考虑该种流量计的精度、重复性、线性度、量程比、压力损失、输出信号特性、响应时间、不可测性等因素。

电磁流量计的传感器结构简单,测量管内没有任何阻碍介质流动的节流部件,所以不会引起任何附加的压力损失,是流量计中耗能最低的流量仪表之一。电磁流量计的量程范围极宽,并且在测量过程中不受被测介质的温度、粘度、一定范围内电导率的影响,反应灵敏,可提供选择的口径范围极宽,从几mm到3m都可以满足,选择电磁口径时应保证最小流量工况下被测介质流速不小于0.5m/s。

超声波流量计是一种非接触式的测量仪表,没有机械传动部件,通道内也没有阻碍件,无压力损失,能量损失小,测量精度不高。


2.3 安装条件方面

许多流量计在运行过程中存在问题,大部分是由于安装出现了问题。

电磁流量计水平、垂直(下进上出)、倾斜(底进顶出)安装都可以,但要求前、后需有直管段,一般的要求是前直管段大于等于5D,后直管段大于等于3D。电磁流量计安装时应保证满管流,不能安装在管道最高点。仪表井内安装的电磁流量计传感器防护等级应为IP68。

超声波流量计的安装对前、后直管段的要求比较高,安装位置至少要有15D的直管段长度,不能受振动的影响,否则测量不精确。

3 结论

由于污水具有流量变化大、含有杂质、具有一定的导电能力和腐蚀性的特点,对可靠、精确测量造成了很大的困难。通过对以上几种流量计的分析、比较,在污水流量测量过程中,电磁流量计的综合性能较好。要想使污水流量的测量和控制达到精度和可靠的要求,必须深入了解、分析各流量计的性能和特点以及被测污水水质条件,才能选择合适型号的流量计。

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