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为什么电磁流量计测量误差很大?

返回列表 来源:本站 发布日期: 2021-09-11 11:30:33
 为什么电磁流量计测量误差很大?
  
        电磁流量计的励磁线圈和电极需保证对称,一旦不对称,生产过程中偏差就会引发,测量结果很难保证准确。另外,安装地点需达到较高的防振动标准,否则无法保证测量数值的精准性,甚至诱发仪表的不正常工作总的来说,造成电磁流量计误差的主要影响因素可以分为三类:待测液影响,选型不当和干扰。
待测液影响
1.待测液体中含有气泡
  这算是一种常见现象,有外界吸入的也有内部液体溶解所致,但电磁流量计是区分不出液体还是气泡的,所以将其一并计算测量就会产生误差。
2.待测液体非满管
  可以说,非满管是含有气泡的一种极端情况,既是管内液体未满,顶部又含有大量气泡,如果液体还没没过电极,那测量结果就会大打折扣。这当属工程设计之误。
3.待测液体电导率剧烈变化
  待测液体电导率较大时,会引发显示数值的较大波动,若问题十分严重,则控制系统很难实现正常的运作;而待测液体电导率过低时,电极很难实现正常输出,如果操作中待测液体电导率处于下限值以下范围,那么电磁流量计就很难正常发挥作用。
  针对这些情况,首先,要立足实际需求,结合相关标准和要求,进行电磁流量计类型的选择;其次,安装反应器或直管段,以保障物料的充分混合,推动化学反应的顺利实现;再次,重新进行流量计类型的甄选。
4.导电沉积层短路效应
  某柴油机厂工具车间电解切削工艺试验装置上,用DN80mm仪表测量和控制饱和食盐电解液流量以获取最佳切削效率。起初该仪表运行正常,间断使用2个月后,感到流量显示值越来越小,直到流量信号接近为零。
  由于导电物质是逐渐沉积,流量信号出现短路现象。本类故障通常不会出现在调试期,而要运行一段时期后才显露出来。
5.液体电导率超过测量允许范围
  上海某化工(冶炼)厂用20余台哈氏合金B电极电磁流量计测量浓度较高的盐酸溶液,出现输出信号不稳的晃动现象。现场检查确认仪表正常,也排除了会产生输出晃动的其他干扰原因。
  但是在多处其他用户用哈氏合金B电极仪表测量盐酸时运行良好。由于电极的输出阻抗是由被测液体电导率和电极大小决定的,所以当电导率低于下限值时,仪器不能正常工作,示值出现晃动现象。
6.空间电磁波干扰
  一般来说,如果传感器与转换器间的电缆较长且周围有强电磁干扰,则电缆可能引入干扰信号,形成共模干扰,造成显示失真、非线性或大幅晃动。
选型不当
1.待测液体流速
  电磁流量计可测的流速范围一般为0.5~10m/s,经济流速范围为1.5~3m/s。实际使用时要根据待测流量大小及电磁流量计可测流速范围来确定测量管内径。
2.电极及衬里材料选择
  电极及衬里材料直接与待测液体接触,应根据待测液体的特性(如腐蚀性、磨蚀性等)及工作温度选择电极及衬里材料,如选择不当,则会造成附着速度快、腐蚀、结垢、磨损、衬里变形等问题,进而产生测量误差。
3.励磁稳定性
  电磁流量计的励磁方式有直流励磁、交流正弦波励磁和双频矩形波励磁等,直流励磁容易产生电极极化和直流干扰问题,交流正弦励磁容易引起零点变动,而双频矩形波励磁既有低频矩形波励磁优良的零点稳定性,又有高频矩形波励磁对流体噪声较强的抑制能力,是一种较理想的励磁方式。
  实际应用时,应尽量保证电源电压和频率的稳定,以确保磁场强度恒定,减小由于磁场强度变化引起的测量误差。
4.混合相流体测量
  用电磁流量计测量液固混合相流体(如含泥沙的水)的流量时,如果选用由单相液体校准的电磁流量计,则会产生测量误差,此时应选择不会引起液固相分离的直管段处安装传感器。
干扰影响
1.空间电磁干扰
  转换器与传感器问的电缆线较长,在较强电磁环境下,很易受到干扰,从而引发仪器测量值出现非线性情况,很难正常显示。针对这种情况,首先,引入屏蔽措施,可在接地钢管内进行电缆的单独引入,并使用达标的屏蔽电缆;其次,合理缩短电缆长度;再次,与强磁场保持较远距离。
2.连接电缆问题
  电磁流量应用的实质是借助特定的电缆,实现转换器与传感器的连接,形成完整的系统,因此导体的横截面积、电容、电缆场地等都会产生不良影响。针对该情况,首先,要保证电缆型号满足要求,实现末端的有效连接,防止出现中间接头现象;其次,控制长度范围,通常越短越好。
3.接地问题
  因传感器的输出信号很小,通常只要几毫伏,为了提高抗干扰能力,传感器的零电位必须单独可靠接地,且传感器输出信号接地点应与被测流体电气连接。传感器的接地电阻应小于10Ω,在连接传感器的管道内涂有绝缘层或采用非金属管道时,传感器两侧应安装接地环,并可靠接地,以使流体接地,流体电位与地电位相同。
4.电极和励磁线圈对称点安装点振动
 

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